使用Python爬虫抓站的一些技巧总结：进阶篇-安全小百科

一、gzip/deflate支持

现在的网页普遍支持gzip压缩，这往往可以解决大量传输时间，以VeryCD的主页为例，未压缩版本247K，压缩了以后45K，为原来的1/5。这就意味着抓取速度会快5倍。

然而python的urllib/urllib2默认都不支持压缩，要返回压缩格式，必须在request的header里面写明’accept-encoding’，然后读取response后更要检查header查看是否有’content-encoding’一项来判断是否需要解码，很繁琐琐碎。如何让urllib2自动支持gzip, defalte呢？

其实可以继承BaseHanlder类，然后build_opener的方式来处理：

import urllib2
from gzip import GzipFile
from StringIO import StringIO
class ContentEncodingProcessor(urllib2.BaseHandler):
  """A handler to add gzip capabilities to urllib2 requests """

  # add headers to requests
  def http_request(self, req):
    req.add_header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate")
    return req

  # decode
  def http_response(self, req, resp):
    old_resp = resp
    # gzip
    if resp.headers.get("content-encoding") == "gzip":
        gz = GzipFile(
                    fileobj=StringIO(resp.read()),
                    mode="r"
                  )
        resp = urllib2.addinfourl(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
        resp.msg = old_resp.msg
    # deflate
    if resp.headers.get("content-encoding") == "deflate":
        gz = StringIO( deflate(resp.read()) )
        resp = urllib2.addinfourl(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)  # 'class to add info() and
        resp.msg = old_resp.msg
    return resp

# deflate support
import zlib
def deflate(data):   # zlib only provides the zlib compress format, not the deflate format;
  try:               # so on top of all there's this workaround:
    return zlib.decompress(data, -zlib.MAX_WBITS)
  except zlib.error:
    return zlib.decompress(data)